Gravity is strange. It is clearly one of the fundamental interactions, This is one of those major unanswered problems in physics today. In addition, the gravity force carrier particle has not been found. Such a particle, however, is predicted to exist and may someday be found the graviton.

The effects of gravity are extremely tiny in most particle physics situations
compared to the other three interactions, so theory and experiment can
be compared without including gravity in the calculations.
The Standard Model works without explaining gravity.

The different interactions,
their force carrier particles, and what particles they act on:
Which fundamental interaction is responsible for

• Friction is caused by residual electromagnetic interactions
  between the atoms of the two materials.
• Nuclear bonding is caused by residual strong interactions
  between the various parts of the nucleus.
• Planetary orbits because of the gravity that attracts them
  to the sun! Even though gravity is a relatively weak force,
  it still has very important effects on the world.
• Which interactions act on neutrinos?
• Weak and Gravity
• Which interaction has heavy carriers?
• Weak (W+, W-, and Z)
• Which interactions act on the protons in you?
• All of them.
• Which force carriers cannot be isolated? Why?
• Gluons, because they carry color charge themselves.
• Which force carriers have not been observed?
• Gravitons (Gluons have been observed indirectly.)

One of the surprises of modern science is that atoms and sub-atomic particles do not behave like anything we see in the everyday world. They are not small balls that bounce around; they have wave properties. The Standard Model theory can mathematically describe all the characteristics and interactions that we see for these particles, but our everyday intuition will not help us on that tiny scale.

Physicists use the word "quantum," which means "broken into increments or parcels," to describe the physics of very small particles. This is because certain
properties only take on discrete values.
Quantum mechanics describes particle interactions.
A few of the important quantum numbers of particles are:

Electric charge. Quarks may have 2/3 or 1/3 electron charges, but they only form composite particles with integer electric charge. All particles other than quarks have integer multiples of the electron's charge.

Color charge. A quark carries one of three color charges and a gluon carries of one eight color-anticolor charges. All other particles are color neutral.

Flavor. Flavor distinguishes quarks (and leptons) from one another.

Spin. Spin is a bizarre but important physical quantity. Large objects like planets or marbles may have angular momentum and a magnetic field because they spin. Since particles also appear to have their own angular momentum and tiny magnetic moments, physicists called this particle property spin. This is a misleading term since particles are not actually "spinning." Spin is quantized to units of 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 times Planck's Constant, and so on.

The world is made of six quarks and six leptons. Everything we see is a conglomeration of quarks and leptons.There are four fundamental forces and there are force carrier particles associated with each force. We have also discussed how a particle's state a set of quantum numbers may affect how it interacts with other particles. It is the most complete explanation of the fundamental particles and interactions. Names and descriptions are only a small part of any physical theory; the Concepts, rather than physics vocabulary, are the critical elements.

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